Achmad Sasmito, Muhamad Husni, Gunawan Ibrahim
Badan Meteorologi dan Geofisika
ABSTRACT
Indonesia is a maritime continent and is located in the tropical region. Most of the region are abundance of cloud development causing rainfall through out the year. This region is also notorius with lightning and thunderstorm occurrences.
Lightning accompanied by thunderstorm can generally be seen coming from cumulonimbus cloud. Actually, lightning is very useful especially for plantation because it is able to fertilizer the soil in relation to the N2 development as essential substances, yet lightning is able to disturb us, even inflicts the environment because it causes damages especially for electronic instruments.
Result of thunderstorm analysis during 1991-2000 showed that Cilik Riwut Palangkaraya Meteorological Station ( Central Kalimantan ) experiented 300 thunderstorm days during a year. This value was becoming the highest occurrences taken from 50 thunderstorm observation station in Indonesia. Generally, location around the equator could be known as a rich source of thunderstorm. This condition rainfall through out the year and having twice maximum rainfall occurrences around april and October.
1. PENDAHULUAN
Wilayah Indonesia berada di antara dua benua asia dan Australia, dua samudera Hindia dan Pasifik. Letaknya membentang di sepanjang daerah katulistiwa, sebagai wilayah maritim kontinen hampir 2/3 bagian wilayahnya merupakan lautan dan sebagaian lagi terdiri dari kepulauan besar dan kecil yang jumlahnya kurang lebih 17.000 kepulauan. Terkadang dipengaruhi adanya gangguan siklon tropis, disamping itu wilayah Indonesia memiliki banyak gunung baik yang masih aktif maupun yang telah mati. Memperhatikan letak geografis, topografi, dan lingkungan tersebut pembentukan cuaca dan iklim di Indonesia sangat dipengaruhi oleh deklinasi matahari, mosun, lokal, gangguan siklon tropis, dan couple yaitu interaksi antara laut dan atmosfer.
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